Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), is one of the four important medicinal plants in Iran. Iran ranks as the the world’s fourth largest coriander producer and eighth largest coriander exporter. To evaluate the genetic diversity of coriander, 16 populations were collected from three provinces, including South Khorasan, Yazd, and Kerman. Populations were analyzed using 10 ISSR (Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats) and 15 SCoT (Start Codon Targeted) primers. In total, the ISSR and SCoT primers showed polymorphism (95.91 and 97.67% polymorphism, respectively) and amplified 49 and 86 bands with high resolution, respectively. Among all primers analyzed, IS1 and SC11/SC13 demonstrated the highest amplification efficiency, generating 8 and 9 bands, respectively. In contrast, primers IS2, IS7, and SC4 revealed the lowest productivity, each producing only 3 bands. The average values of the PIC, MI, EMR, and RP for ISSR and SCoT markers were calculated as 0.43, 2.07, 4.55, 3.56 and 0.38, 2.09, 5.49, 3.38, respectively. Based on ISSR and SCoT analysis, the highest genetic similarity was observed between Baft-Ravar, Baft-Mahan, Yazd-Taft, and Baft-Ravar, Kerman-Baft populations, respectively. According to ISSR and SCoT analysis, the lowest genetic similarity was recorded between Khusf-Zarand, Nehbandan-Zarand, Birjand-Zarand, and Birjand-Bahabad, Khusf-Zarand, Birjand-Yazd populations, respectively. Cluster analysis of ISSR and SCoT markers categorized the coriander populations into four and three distinct clusters, respectively. The high level of observed polymorphisms for ISSR and SCoT markers may demonstrate their efficacy in evaluating genetic diversity within coriander populations. The relatively low percentage of variation explained by the PCoA suggests that the primers were well distributed across the genome. Overall, the results of present study indicate relatively high genetic similarity among populations from the same province, while populations from different provinces showed a lower similarity. To maximize heterosis, the crosses between Khusf-Zarand populations are recommended.
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